在前几期畅音阁中，我们与大家分享了《读京剧》教化篇的四篇京剧剧情梗概。本期将分享4个忠义篇京剧剧情（中英对照），即《赵氏孤儿》《审头刺汤》《苏武牧羊》和《野猪林》。其中，元代杂剧《赵氏孤儿大报仇》曾于1775年被法国著名文学家伏尔泰翻译成《中国孤儿》，在欧洲产生过一定影响。
今天（5月19日）是中国旅游日，让我们“足不出户，云游中国”，一起到畅音阁“读京剧”吧！
《赵氏孤儿》
故事来源：西汉(公元前206年──公元25年)史书《史记》 时间：春秋时期（公元前770年──公元前476年） 地 点：晋国（今中国的山西省） 主要人物：程婴（乡间医生）赵武（赵氏孤儿） 屠岸贾（赵国将军）
大将军屠岸贾凶暴残忍，专权误国，陷害忠诚正直的大夫赵盾，在他的怂恿下，晋国国君下令：抄斩赵氏满门。一夜之间，赵盾和他的儿子赵朔、家属、奴婢等共计三百余口，倒在血泊中，做了冤鬼。赵朔的夫人庄姬公主，因是国君的胞妹，幸免于难，被送回内宫居住，此时她已怀有身孕。
几个月以后，庄姬公主生下一个男婴，取名赵武，但这一切都逃不过屠岸贾的眼睛，他早已下令，把内宫封锁起来。庄姬公主以看病为名，把赵家的挚友、乡间医生程婴召进内宫，含泪请求程婴救孩子出宫。程婴把赵武放进药箱准备带出宫门。守将韩厥见程婴一腔正义，十分感佩，放走程婴和赵武，自己拔剑自刎。屠岸贾追查不到赵氏孤儿的下落，气急败坏，宣布要把全国半岁以内的婴儿全部杀光。为了保全赵氏孤儿和晋国所有无辜的婴儿，程婴与退职年迈的大夫公孙杵臼商议，用假相瞒骗屠岸贾：程婴献出自己亲生儿子代替赵氏孤儿，公孙老人顶替救孤藏孤的罪名，然后由程婴亲自去向屠岸贾告发。屠岸贾听信了程婴的举报，残忍地杀死了公孙老人和“赵氏孤儿”。晋国上下目睹了这场血腥屠杀，敢怒而不敢言，人们在背后无不切齿痛骂程婴的卖友求荣。程婴面对这一切，只有强忍悲愤，默默承受。
十几年来，程婴苦心教育，把赵武培养成一个文武双全的青年。为了接近屠岸贾，他让赵武认屠岸贾为义父。终于有一天，他把真相告诉了赵武。在守边归来的大将军魏绛的鼎力相助下，赵武拔剑刺向仇人，并告之自己便是他斩不尽、杀不绝的赵氏孤儿。元代（公元1206年──公元1368年）杂剧《赵氏孤儿大报仇》曾于1775年被法国著名文学家伏尔泰翻译成《中国孤儿》，在欧洲产生过一定的影响。
英文版
The Zhao Family Orphan
Origin:Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD) historical compilation, The Historical RecordsTime:Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) Place:The State of Jin (Present day Shanxi Province)Main characters:Cheng Ying (a village physician)Zhao Wu (the Zhao family orphan)Tu Anjia (general of the State of Jin)
General Tu Anjia of the State of Jin is cruel and merciless, bringing great harm to his country. He persecutes and falsely accuses the loyal and virtuous official Zhao Dun, and convinces the King of Jin to order the elimination of the entire Zhao family. In the course of one night, Zhao Dun and over three hundred members of his household, including his son Zhao Shuo, his relatives, and serving maids, are all murdered, their spirits rising from a sea of blood to wander the Earth as wronged and vengeful ghosts. Only Zhao Shuo's wife, Princess Zhuang Ji, the younger sister of the King of Jin, escapes with her life. Pregnant with Zhao Shuo's child, she is sent to live in seclusion in the King's inner palace.
Several months later, Princess Zhuang Ji gives birth to a son, whom she names Zhao Wu. This does not escape Tu Anjia's notice, and he orders that she and the baby be locked inside the inner palace. Princess Zhuang Ji is able to bring village physician Cheng Ying, an old friend of the Zhao family, into the palace on the pretext of illness, and tearfully begs him to save her son. Cheng Ying hides Zhao Wu in his medicine chest, and prepares to smuggle him out. Watch commander Han Jue, in deep admiration of Cheng Ying's righteousness, allows him to leave the palace with Zhao Wu, then killing himself with his own sword. Tu Anjia learns of the escape, but all his attempts to find the Zhao family orphan are unsuccessful. Furious, he orders the execution of all infants below the age of six months.
In order to protect the Zhao family orphan, and the lives of all the infants of the State of Jin, physician Cheng Ying and retired official Gongsun Chujiu devise a plan to deceive Tu Anjia. Cheng Ying replaces the Zhao family orphan with his own son and leaves him with Gongsun Chujia, who will take the blame for rescuing and hiding the child. Cheng Ying personally goes to Tu Anjia, and denounces Gongsun as the culprit who is sheltering Zhao Wu. Convinced of the truth of Cheng Ying's charges, Tu Anjia viciously kills both the aged Gongsun and the false "Zhao family orphan." Commoners and officials alike are outraged at this cruel slaughter, but dare not voice their objections. Cheng Ying is cursed behind closed doors the length and breadth of the country, for betraying his friend in the pursuit of preferment. Cheng Ying stoically bears his grief and anger in the face of this vilification.
More than a decade goes by. Cheng Ying has spared no pains in raising Zhao Wu, who has grown into fine young man thoroughly versed in both the literary and martial arts. Cheng Ying arranges for Zhao Wu to be adopted by Tu Anjia, in order to position him to avenge his family. With the assistance of Wei Jiang, a commander just returned from the border, Zhao Wu finally confronts Tu Anjia. As he stabs his enemy, he reveals that he is none other than the heir that the General's merciless slaughter failed to eliminate – the Zhao family orphan.
In 1775. French author Voltaire published his translation of the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368 AD) opera The Revenge of the Zhao Family Orphan. His work, entitled The Chinese Orphan, gained substantial recognition throughout Europe.
作者：梁燕 译者：雨敬然 图片来源于网络
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