"The World Bank Group will support all countries which face different levels of risk and vulnerability to COVID-19, and require different levels of support. The Bank Group support will prioritize the poorest countries and those at high risk with low capacity. "
“世界银行集团将为所有不同程度面临新型冠状病毒威胁并寻求相应支援的国家提供支持，并将优先考虑最贫穷国家和实力较弱的高风险国家。”
Vol.1 Issue 13
March 23, 2020
Subject of the Day | 聊点什么
#Quick Thoughts About COVID-19 Outbreak & Tourism
#关于新冠疫情和旅游我怎么看
Meet our Ace | 来者何人
Ahmed Eiweida, PhD
Global Coordinator for Cultural Heritage & Sustainable Tourism
World Bank
艾哈迈德•艾威达 博士
全球文化遗产与可持续旅游协调官
世界银行
What the Ace says... | 他怎么说
Q: What are the measures that your organization has taken to support the global efforts against COVID-19?
问：您的机构采取了哪些措施来支持全球抗击新冠疫情的行动?
A: The World Bank Group is making available an initial package of up to $12 billion in immediate support to assist countries coping with the health and economic impacts of the global outbreak. This financing is designed to help member countries take effective action to respond to and, where possible, lessen the tragic impacts posed by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) in all sectors including health, travel and tourism.
Through this new fast track package, the World Bank Group will help developing countries strengthen health systems, including better access to health services to safeguard people from the epidemic, strengthen disease surveillance, bolster public health interventions, and work with the private sector to reduce the impact on economies. The financial package, with financing drawn from across IDA, IBRD and IFC, will be globally coordinated to support country-based responses.
“We are working to provide a fast, flexible response based on developing country needs in dealing with the spread of COVID-19,” said World Bank Group President David Malpass. “This includes emergency financing, policy advice, and technical assistance, building on the World Bank Group's existing instruments and expertise to help countries respond to the crisis."
IFC will work with commercial bank clients to expand trade finance and working capital lines. IFC will also directly support its corporate clients — with a focus on strategic sectors including medical equipment and pharmaceuticals — to sustain supply chains and limit downside risks. These solutions will leverage the lessons learned from similar events in the past with a goal to minimize the negative economic and social impacts of COVID-19 globally.
答：世界银行集团推出首期高达120亿美元的一揽子直接援助计划，以帮助各国应对全球疫情对健康和经济的影响。这项融资计划旨在帮助成员国采取有效行动，应对并尽可能减轻新型冠状病毒在包括卫生、旅行和旅游业在内的所有部门造成的负面影响。
通过这一新的快速通道计划，世界银行集团将帮助发展中国家加强卫生系统以便更好地提供卫生服务来保护人们免受病毒流行的影响，加强疾病监测，加强公共卫生干预，以及与私营部门合作降低疫情对经济的影响。一揽子融资计划将在全球范围内进行协调，支持各国的应对措施。该计划资金来自国际开发协会(IDA)、国际复兴开发银行(IBRD)和国际金融公司(IFC)。
“我们正努力根据发展中国家在应对新型冠状病毒扩散方面的需求，提供快速、灵活的应对措施，”世界银行集团行长戴维·马尔帕斯(David Malpass)表示，“这包括紧急融资、政策咨询和技术援助，利用世界银行集团现有的工具和专业知识帮助各国应对危机。”
国际金融公司将与商业银行客户合作扩大贸易融资，提升运营资金额度，并将为公司客户提供直接支持，重点关注包括医疗设备和药品在内的战略部门，以维持供应链并限制下行风险。这些解决方案将利用从过去类似事件中汲取的经验教训，以期将新型冠状病毒对全球经济和社会的负面影响降到最低。
Q: Who are the intended objects of the measures and how could people get access to the support?
问：这些措施的对象是谁，人们如何获得这些支持?
A: The World Bank support will cover a range of interventions to strengthen health services and primary health care, bolster disease monitoring and reporting, train front line health workers, encourage community engagement to maintain public trust, and improve access to treatment for the poorest patients. The Bank will also provide policy and technical advice to ensure countries can access global expertise.
The World Bank Group will support all countries which face different levels of risk and vulnerability to COVID-19, and require different levels of support. The Bank Group support will prioritize the poorest countries and those at high risk with low capacity. As the spread of COVID-19 and its impact continues to evolve, the World Bank Group will adapt its approach and resources as needed.
The financial package will provide grants and low-interest loans from IDA for low income countries and loans from IBRD for middle income countries, using all of the Bank’s operational instruments with processing accelerated on a fast track basis. International Finance Corporation (IFC), the World Bank Group’s private sector arm, will provide its clients with the necessary support to continue operating and to sustain jobs, including in the travel and tourism sector.
The World Bank Group is actively engaged with international institutions and country authorities to help coordinate the global response.
答：世界银行的支持将包括一系列干预措施，以加强保健服务和初级卫生护理，加强疾病监测和报告，培训一线医疗工作者，鼓励社区参与以保持公众信任，为贫穷患者提供获得治疗的机会。世界银行还将提供政策和技术咨询，以确保各国能够获得全球专门知识。
世界银行集团将为所有不同程度面临新型冠状病毒威胁并寻求相应支援的国家提供支持，并将优先考虑最贫穷国家和实力较弱的高风险国家。随着新型冠状病毒的传播及其影响的不断演变，世界银行集团将根据需要调整其方法和资源。
一揽子融资计划将利用世行所有业务工具并在快速通道的基础上加速处理，为低收入国家提供国际开发协会的赠款和低息贷款，为中等收入国家提供国际复兴开发银行的贷款。世界银行集团面向私营部门的分支机构—国际金融公司将为包括旅行和旅游部门在内各行各业的客户提供必要支持，帮助他们维持运营、避免裁员。
世界银行集团正积极与国际机构和国家当局接触，帮助协调全球应对。
Q: According to your optimistic estimate, how long will it take for tourism to fully recover from the negative impact of the outbreak?
问：根据您的乐观估计，旅游业从疫情的负面影响中完全恢复需要多长时间?
A: As we have seen before, though the travel and tourism sector is resilient to such economic shocks, full recovery may take at least a year. The major challenge we now face is the unpredictability of global locations outside China and pace of the spread of the virus.
答：以往经验告诉我们，虽然旅行和旅游业能够经受如此的经济冲击，但全面复苏至少需要一年时间。我们现在面临的主要挑战是除中国外全球地区的不可预测性和病毒传播的速度。
Q: Can you think of a problem or weakness in our industry that has been exposed because of the outbreak? (Please focus on only one)
问：您认为此次疫情暴露出旅游业的一个什么问题或薄弱点?
A: The outbreak showed us that a major weakness associated with the unintentional transmission of the virus by tourists. The two week incubation period of the virus makes it very difficult to predict and cancel tourism trips. There is also no way for host countries and destinations to detect infected tourists until symptoms appear
答：这次疫情爆发表明旅游业的一个主要薄弱点是旅游者会无意识地帮助病毒传播。病毒有两周的潜伏期，因此很难据之预测和取消旅游行程。在症状出现之前，东道国和目的地也没有办法发现受感染的游客
Q: What do you think is a key point that our industry must pay attention to when it recovers from the crisis? (Please pick only one)
问：您认为疫情后行业恢复应该关注的一个突出问题是什么?
A: The tourism industry needs to work better with city management to establish sufficient clinics and medical centers. This is particularly important in destinations with large number of tourists. The crisis showed us how ill-prepared many destinations were
答：旅游业需要与城市管理部门更好地合作，设立足够的诊所和医疗中心，这对接待大量游客的目的地而言尤为重要。这场危机暴露出许多目的地准备不足
Q: What change (positive or negative) do you think the outbreak may eventually bring to the tourism industry in the future? (Please pick only one)
问：您认为疫情可能为旅游业未来带来的一点变化(积极或消极)是什么?
A: The outbreak will force us to improve the sector’s resilience to crisis, in both physical and economic terms. Physical resilience includes immediate medical support to tourists and host communities, evacuation plans, and fast response. While we haven’t yet seen the bottom of this outbreak, and the level of economic losses it will result in, we’ll learn together in the coming months and years how to recover economically and emotionally.
答：这次爆发将迫使我们从现实和经济两方面提高旅游业应对危机的能力。现实应对能力包括对游客和接待社区的即时医疗支持、疏散计划和快速反应。这次疫情拐点尚未到来，将造成的经济损失程度还不能确定，我们在未来数月和数年中将共同学习如何从经济和情感的创伤中慢慢恢复。
About Dr. Eiweida | 关于艾威达博士
Ahmed Eiweida is the World Bank Global Coordinator for Cultural Heritage & Sustainable Tourism. He is also Lead Urban Specialist covering East Asia & Pacific Region. He is based in the World Bank’s Singapore Urban & Infrastructure Hub Office. Ahmed has over 25-year experience in cultural heritage, sustainable tourism, urban policies, municipal finance & infrastructure, local economic development, urban upgrading and urban regeneration. He joined the World Bank in 2000 and since then worked in more than 15 countries in East Europe, Central Asia, Middle East, East Asia and Pacific Islands.
The World Bank is one of the partners in support of WTA’s annual “Xianghu Dialogue”.
艾哈迈德•艾威达是世界银行全球文化遗产与可持续旅游协调官、东亚和太平洋地区的首席城市专家。他现于世界银行新加坡城市和基础设施中心工作。艾哈迈德在文化遗产、可持续旅游、城市政策、市政金融和基础设施、地方经济发展、城市升级和城市更新方面拥有超过25年的经验。他于2000年加入世界银行，此后在东欧，中亚，中东，东亚和太平洋岛国的15个国家工作。
世界银行是世界旅游联盟年度“湘湖对话”的合作伙伴。
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